Sport Management Essay Research Paper HPR 475 free essay sample

Game Management Essay, Research Paper HPR 475 # 8211 ; Management of Sport A ; Diversion Semester Project Proposal # 8211 ; Homework 1 Presentation Undertaking Description The Springfield Statesmen Hockey Organization will play in the North American Junior Hockey League ( NAJHL ) . The NAJHL is a Division A lesser hockey meeting, which is the furthest extent of junior hockey, staying of eight crews situated in the Great Lakes Region of the United States. The gathering is contained prevalently of members 16 - 20 mature ages old. Every crew in the meeting plays a twenty-game plan. In add-on, meeting individuals play in a mid-season top pick game and in a gathering competition that comes full circle the season by proclaiming a meeting champion. The crew will play its place games in the Ice Palace, rented from the City of Springfield. The Ice Palace has a maximal limit of 3,000 individuals. It incorporates four bureau suites, eight open can establishments, an arcade room, an athletic readiness establishment, a weight room, and a major room accessible for private maps. Portrayal of the Community The City of Springfield, which has the crew, has a populace of 110,000 ; in addition to an extra 559,000 inside a 60-mile range. The biggest age bunch for both work powers and grown-up females is 35-44. The city # 8217 ; s specialists is a region with a city administrator and 10 council members that speak to a nation of the city. Springfield is the region capital of Illinois and consequently houses huge numbers of the region # 8217 ; s agencies. Its monetary base relies on territory and government authorities, three significant clinics, three universities, and two region colleges ( University of Illinois at Springfield and Southern Illinois University School of Medicine ) . The expense of life in Springfield has a file of 97.4 ; the national standard is a list of 100. Thirty-five for every centum of the families in Springfield acquire between $ 25,000 and $ 49,000. The three boss businesses providing work are the open area, administrations, and retail exchange. Springfield has a jobl essness pace of 5.4 % . Thirty-three for each centum of Springfieldians have a secondary school sheepskin and 14 for every centum have an unmarried man # 8217 ; s grade. Springfield has 36 state funded schools and 29 non-government funded schools utilizing more than 2,600 educators. The YMCA, YWCA, Boys and Girls Club of America, and the Springfield Rotary Club offer cultural support of the network. Springfield offers 6 galleries ( including the Illinois State Museum ) , two zoological garden, a minor meeting baseball crew, and army area and national noteworthy locales. Parks offered incorporate seven Parkss in the Springfield Park District, an untamed life haven, professional flowerbeds, and Lincoln # 8217 ; s New Salem State Park. The Illinois Symphony Orchestra, Springfield Chamber Orchestra, Springfield Muni Opera, and Springfield Theater Center house the city # 8217 ; s executing humanistic orders. Characteristic assets of the nation incorporate Lake Springfield and the Sangamon River. Various primary streets and Interstates 55 and 72 take into account travel all through the city. Capital Airport furnishes air administration to the network with administration gave by American Eagle, Great Lakes, United Express, and Trans World Express. Five trunkline railwaies serve Sangamon County and Amtrak gives rider administration. Intra-city mentor administration is accessible by means of the Springfield Mass Transit District, and Greyhound gives interstate mentor administration ( Greater Springfield Chamber of Commerce, 1999 ) . Target Population The athletic administrations gave by the Springfield Statesmen Hockey Organization ( SSHO ) serves primarily 16-20 twelvemonth old hockey members looking for an opportunity to at long last play for a significant school or expert hockey crew. Players will be selected and drafted from national and worldwide diminutive person ( a more youthful gathering of members ) meetings, with members originating from as far away as Europe and Russia to play. Because of the disbursals to play the games most members originate from upper-center and upper classification families. The beguilement administrations gave by the crew serves a crowd of people all things considered. Working class family units give the biggest crowd base. Specific seating will be accommodated family units each piece great as gathering ticket evaluating. A private room is accessible for bigger gatherings. The establishment is incapacitated open, and smoke is disallowed in the circle. Financing The SSHO is financed primarily by member charges ( members must compensation $ 5,000 each to play in the lupus erythematosus ague ) , ticket net incomes, and ad net incomes. Additional help will originate from award net incomes, crew product net incomes, supporter nine pledge drives, and crew pledge drives ( the Summer Golf Outing with the crew and a Silent Auction of crew memorabilia ) . Lawful Basis for Service The SSHO is a revenue driven enterprise, joined in the State of Illinois and enlisted with the Federal Government as a revenue driven organization. Every year, the significant investors for the crew document income improvements with the Illinois Department of Revenue and the Internal Revenue Service. Reason STATEMENT SPRINGFIELD STATESMEN HOCKEY ORGANIZATION The essential plan of the SSHO is to elevate the improvement of its members through top-quality instructing, broadened design cut, and an exacting game plan. The Organization is focused on providing these formative possibilities in simultaneousness with a committedness to scholastic help, as the Organization # 8217 ; s plan is structured around end of the week travel to limit school battles. VISION STATEMENT SPRINGFIELD STATESMEN HOCKEY ORGANIZATION Springfield Statesmen Hockey is one of the Prime Minister junior hockey associations in the state. The Organization is focused on seting a triumphant crew on the ice by building up a crew of profoundly talented members. Association rivalry assists members with making the section from midget and secondary school hockey to school and expert hockey by making a domain that is very competitory, empowers ability improvement, and gives clasp to individual developing and adulthood. Springfield Statesmen Hockey is the coolest game around! Authoritative CHART DESCRIPTION The authoritative outline ( See Appendix A ) of the SSHO follows the traditional bureaucratic graph, where approval and obligation streams start to finish. The significant life partners ( investors ) are at the highest point of the graph. A Board of Directors studies to the investors and is helped by a legitimate promoter and outside listener. The Board is liable for the recruiting of the Chief Executive Officer who supervises the General Manager and Business Manager. The General Manager ( GM ) other than fills in as caput administrator, and is helped by the Assistant Coach in doing crew arrangements and convey oning the on-ice concern. The caput and assistant supervisor are other than answerable for the employing of the clinical staff and for providing exploratory overview, member improvement, and quality and molding planning. The clinical staff comprises of an athleticss specialist, an affirmed athletic mentor, and a crew chiropractor ; all of who work in simultaneousness with one another ( partner pin position ) . The caput athletic coach is liable for the recruiting of a certified partner athletic mentor ( who may non be paid ) . The Business Manager is liable for the employing of the Office Manager and the other arranged concern segments of the association: selling and network dealingss ; ticket activities and gross incomes ; account ; product net incomes ( the last three are in a lockup pin design ) ; arena tasks ; and media and open dealingss ( PR ) . The Office Manager regulates the Organization # 8217 ; s administrative staff. The caput of arena tasks is accountable for connecting with an open reference ( PA ) host, security officials, ice care team, award representatives, and stopping staff. Portrayal OF PROPOSED SERVICES The essential assistance gave by the SSHO is an office for advancement in competitory hockey. Our members get quality training and sufficient opportunity to be explored. The crew is situated in the chest of Midwestern university hockey, doing all meeting games and tourneies simple open by school spotters and expert posts. National Hockey League ( NHL ) crews, NHL Central Scouting, and all degrees of significant school and junior hockey efficiently scout association games. In add-on, the NAJHL takes a functioning capacity in propelling its members by overseeing month to month headway studies to NHL Central Scouting and all significant school plans. The crew other than distributes a media usher, is secured by a figure of nearby insight benefits, and has the entirety of its away games communicated on remote. Bing a bit of the Springfield Statesmen Hockey Organization will gracefully the entirety of its members with the opportunity to compete against some of North America # 8217 ; s best hockey members, and relax the advantages of the perceivability that accompanies it.

Crisis and Expansion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Emergency and Expansion - Essay Example As new methods of correspondence showed up on the scene, they permitted quicker and progressively secure methods of sending and getting data. It is additionally when different delineated gatherings of residents began understanding their privileges, especially the African Americans and ladies. This offered ascend to a few dark and women’s rights developments requesting more noteworthy rights for the minority or ignored gathering. The nineteenth century is additionally significant because of the various developments, eradications, and rejections occurred. The Gold Rush likewise happened during that century when an incredible number of individuals ran into California so as to discover gold, yet the episode additionally brought about the demise of a few hundred Native Americans. Further exercises during the century incorporated the American Civil War and the ascent of industrialist thoughts which impacted its own after. Along these lines, the nineteenth century was described by la nd extension, mechanical turn of events, and activism. A huge bit of the nineteenth century was involved by the westbound regional extension of American settlements. Following the American autonomy from the colonization of Great Britain, the US was a free land which confronted the issues of rising expansion and a frail economy (The criticalness of the wilderness in American history pg 1). In any case, it is additionally during this time when American settlements spread further westwards so as to discover reasonable abodes that addressed their issue for adequate assets. The American populace continued developing and growing in numbers and the American culture wound up to be strongly stretching out to western landmasses as they experienced the cultural advancement process. The general public and the individuals were likewise dependent upon the quickly changing outer conditions which prodded them to extend to places where they could overcome the â€Å"wilderness†. In this manner, because of the evolving social, monetary,

Reader Question Will I be Able to Sleep in the Dorms

Reader Question Will I be Able to Sleep in the Dorms Hi everyone, Today I wanted to share a question from you guys, the readers! This question about sleep comes from Lily, who on my Ikenberry Commons post asked, I’d like to know a little more about the environment at Ikenberry Commons, does it get extremely loud at times? I wake easily and really need my sleep, so I think I might not be comfortable be woken up at the middle of the night by loud parties. Thank you and I look forward to your reply soon! Hi Lily! Welcome to the blog. It can get loud, but so can every other dorm â€" it really is just sort of luck of the draw in terms of what kind of crowd is in your floor/hall. Dorms can be a bit hard if you’re a light sleeper because something as simple as someone letting their door slam shut might wake you. I know one of my friends used earplugs because her roommate would come back late at night, and the sound of the door opening/closing was enough to wake her as a fellow light sleeper. I will say that because the Ike houses a bigger population, the chance of hearing loud people is a bit higher. If you get a dorm that is closer to peak traffic areas like the bus stop on Gregory Street right in the front of the Ike, it can be louder more frequently. Dorms with more freshmen tend to be louder since they are new to college and have lots of young energy :). But generally, you should be far enough from non-dorm gatherings  to be able to sleep. And if people in your dorm are causing trouble, if asking them to quiet down doesn’t work, you can always go to your RA to help deal with the situation. I can’t guarantee it since I haven’t lived at the Ike myself, but don’t worry too much about it! Noise usually isn’t a widespread problem â€" it’s usually just a rowdy group once in awhile on the weekends. Everyone needs their sleep, and everyone generally has good experiences at the dorms. Let me know if you have any other questions, and Id be happy to answer! EDIT Jenn makes a great comment below most, if not all dorms, enforce some sort of quiet hours, so typically beginning  at 11pm or midnight, depending on if its a weekday or weekend, residents on dorm floors must stay quiet so that students needing sleep or quiet studying can do so without disruption. There can be an occasional shout or laughter, but most of the time, people respect quiet hours. So hopefully this eases your sleep worries! James Class of 2016 I’m an Advertising major also pursuing a minor in Anthropology. I’m heavily involved with the American Advertising Federation on campus. I'm from Naperville, Illinois.

Female Athlete Triad Essay - 1955 Words

The female athlete triad is a health condition in which active women experience three inter-related disorders due to unhealthy body weight and eating habits. In the case of the triad, the word active refers to females who display moderate to high intensity levels of performance. The rate of performance must be high in order to counterbalance the decrease in calorie intake. Females who perform at a high intensity are at risk for the triad since they do not take in enough calories to fulfill the amount expended. The three disorders within the female athlete triad are osteoporosis, disordered eating, and menstrual dysfunction. Not all females experience all three of the conditions, however new data has indicated that even having one or†¦show more content†¦Low bone mineral density can result in stress fractures within a female’s body (6). Female athletes with menstrual dysfunction often display low levels of the reproductive hormones estrogen and progesterone. When the levels of these hormones are low, it is difficult for bones to retain calcium which causes a gradual loss of bone mass. It has been proven that when comparing amenorrhic athletes to athletes with regular menstrual cycles, the bone mineral density if reduced by 14% in amenorrhic athletes and 27% in regular athletic women (7). All three conditions result in serious health and body conditions which can decrease a female’s ability to participate in physical activities. The female athlete triad is considered to be a significant health concern. In relation to the female athlete triad, some women are more prone to the condition than others. Sports that emphasize performance based on weight specifications increase the prevalence of the female athlete triad. Women who participate in sports such as ballet, figure skating, gymnastics, diving, and other aesthetic component sports have a higher risk of developing aspects of the female athlete triad in addition to women who part icipate in sports that involve weight classes such as tae kwon do, judo, wrestling, rowing, and equestrian (6). Most female athletes who participate in either high-intensity or endurance exercise have a greater chance of developing the triad. Studies have shown that women whoShow MoreRelatedFemale Athlete Triad : A Condition1359 Words   |  6 PagesBailey Jensen Mrs. Hable College Prep Writing 11 September 2015 Female Athlete Triad Female athlete triad is a condition where bone loss, irregular menstrual cycles, and energy deficiency occur in athletes. Occasionally referred to as the triad, this condition is seen mostly in female athletes, although in rare cases male athletes can suffer from it as well. It occurs so often in today s female athletes however, due to distorted body expectations, common menstrual irregularities, and the alreadyRead MoreEssay on The Three Elements of the Female Athlete Triad2691 Words   |  11 PagesThe Three Elements of the Female Athlete Triad For an increasing number of women in the United States, a concern or preoccupation with body weight and size is a constant pressure. Female athletes, like most women in our society, are also often pressured to conform to certain ideal body sizes and shapes, as dictated by the entertainment and fashion industries. Female athletes, however, face a twofold pressure. 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Reading this has interested me in wanting to learn more about bone loss in female athletes and whatRead MoreLet s Take Football Players1060 Words   |  5 Pagesover the athletes have established bad habits and are carrying excess weight arou nd. Now, on the opposite side of the spectrum, many athletes are not eating enough. Their caloric intake is too low for the amount of physical activity being partaken in. Sports that are known for having problems with this are ballet, distance running, wrestling, cheerleading, and swimming. According to NPR, skinny ballerinas are not the only athletes, we now have to watch. â€Å"Highly committed young female athletes now runRead MoreEating Disorders And Excessive Exercise921 Words   |  4 Pagescause dangerous health repercussions such as the female athlete triad: low energy availability, amenorrhea, and osteoporosis (Laframboise, Borody, Stern, 2013). Perfect Body’s Andie restricts her diet to aid her performance. In doing so, she creates an energy deficit, which leads to stress fractures and fainting. Some female athletes fail to have enough energy for training and competition because they restrict their caloric intake. However, athletes may not be aware of the calories needed to performRead MoreWomen s Lack Of Eating Disorders1488 Words   |  6 Pagesoccur in people under the age of 25.7 In the case of young female athletes in general, it seems that they have a similar risk of developing disordered eating as non-athletes (de Oliveira Coelho, et al, 2014). The prevalence of disordered eating ranges from 0% to 27% in female athletes and ranges from 0% to 21% in the general population. However, athletes suffer from a more serious condition that may lead to dangerous consequences. Female athletes who participate in aesthetic sports like gymnastics, figure

Movie Review New Girl - 1049 Words

Even without knowing it, all of us are in a group. We all have our own group of friends, one’s family is considered a group, and as a school one is considered to be a group. These are just a few examples of groups that many of us are a part of in everyday situations. When looking for a group to analysis, I chose to the characters in the TV show New Girl. I chose this group of people, because as a college student we may choose to in a house or apartment with many friends. Many of the processes that goes into a successful group, are needed when living with multiple people. Even though they might not always agree, the roommates in New Girl are successful in many areas of what makes a successful group. The show New Girl takes a modern look into friendship and romance of four roommates. The four roommates are: Nick, Winston, Schmidt and Jess. Jess is the only girl in the group, and is introduced to her new roommates when she breaks up with her boyfriend, which leaves her without a home. When she is looking for a new place to live, she comes across these three guys’ ad and she initially believes its three girls looking for a roommate. After meeting with Nick, Winston and Schmidt, they agree to have Jess move in with them. I would say that these roommates can be considered an interdisciplinary group because each member has a role and responsibilities in which they are trying to achieve a task. This group of roommates is known as a social group. Long-Crowell definesShow MoreRelatedMovie Review : Gone Girl909 Words   |  4 Pagescharacters or how the movie doesn’t capture the same essence as the novel. But in some cases, people who have read the book enjoy the film more. In 2012, Gone Girl was published, and 2 years later the film was released into theaters. Movie reviewers from around the world offered their insight and opinions on the movie when compared to the novel. These reviewers targeted an audience who were fans of the book and interested moviegoers in general. 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Core Business Skills Free Essays

1. 0 INTRODUCTION This particular assignment’s aim is to discuss the application of the strategic management process in a retail industry. I have chosen Starbucks Coffee as my food and beverage industry to research on, and to thoroughly explain the strategic management process implied by them. We will write a custom essay sample on Core Business Skills or any similar topic only for you Order Now Starbucks Coffee Company was founded by English teacher Jerry Baldwin, history teacher Zev Siegl, and writer Gordon Bowker back in year 1971 Seattle, Washington. Starbucks Coffee Company is known as the world’s leading coffee retailer, roaster and last but not least brand of specialty coffee. Apart from providing only coffee, Starbucks Coffee also cater light snacks like sandwiches, delicious pastries, healthy salads and etc. Since Starbucks Coffee is the world’s leading brand in coffee, they serve up to 35 million customers from all over the world weekly. Because of their great reputation, they have successfully opened up to 17,000 stores worldwide. The company’s mission statement is to ‘inspire and nurture human spirit’. Firstly, Starbucks Coffee focus to provide a ‘great work environment’ to their members so that they are treated with ‘respect and dignity’. Secondly, Starbucks Coffee also believes that conducting business ethically is the main key to be successful in a business. As a worldwide and leading-brand company, Starbucks Coffee insists strongly on upholding a culture where diversities are well valued and respected. These diversities include ‘inclusion: human connection and engagement’, ‘equity: fairness and justice’, ‘accessibility: ease of use and barrier free’ so that employees with diverse background are fairly treated and respected to ensure a comfortable and enjoyable workplace (www. starbucks. com 2011). . 0 Strategic Analysis 2. 1 Internal Analysis 2. 1. 1 Strength: One of the main strength possesses by Starbucks Coffee is the strong brand image they have. In terms of the coffee industry, they are considered to be most reputable compared to Coffee Beans, Gloria Jeans, and other competitors among the industry. Starbucks Coffee manage to prove themselves as a highly resorted brand by getting rated as the top 100 most seeked after brand. Apart from having a high brand value, Starbucks Coffee has managed to globalise their target market in to all parts of the world. This opens up the opportunity for Starbucks themselves to monopolise the foreign market as well. 2. 1. 2 Weaknesses: No matter what industry a firm is in, they will face certain weaknesses that they have to always try to improve on. As for Starbucks Coffee, one of their main weaknesses is the product price. In many countries, Starbucks Coffee is considered as a premium product where the prices of their products are higher compared to other coffee shops (Lee S, 2007). Another weakness that Starbucks Coffee has is that they are too focused in their domestic market which is the United Stated of America. This will lead Starbucks Coffee into a vulnerable position where it is hard for them to predict unforeseen changes in the industry’s market at other countries. 2. 2 Stakeholders in Starbucks Coffee: Stakeholders in Starbucks Coffee includes all the workers which are known as partners. This is because Starbucks Coffee wants to create an environment where all their employees would feel comfortable and relaxed (Kembell B, 2002). The second stakeholders for Starbucks Coffee Company would be their highly valued customers. These customers play an important role in Starbucks Coffee because they are the ones who visit the coffeehouse almost everyday. In order to feel connected to Starbucks Coffee, customers can easily hear and engaged with the employees and products of Starbucks anytime, anywhere (Hanft A, 2005). The other crucial stakeholder in Starbucks Coffee will be their coffee farmers. These coffee farmers are actually the backbone to Starbucks Coffee because Starbucks rely mainly on coffee products. In order to uphold the social and economic well-being of their coffee farmers, they have decided to pay a premium price for high quality coffee beans from them (Robertson H, 2006). 2. 3 Core Competencies: As we all know, core competencies in any industry is actually their comparative advantage. As for Starbucks Coffee, one of their core competency is human resource. Firstly, Starbucks Coffee is a company that values their employees greatly. Starbucks shows their appreciation to their employees by giving them the opportunity to receive full healthcare benefits, stock options/discounted stock purchase plans (Weber G, 2005). Starbucks Coffee’s tangible resources will be their high-quality coffee beans called the Narino Supremo Beans. The Narino Supremo Beans have the highest quality and is the largest bean in Columbia (www. melita. om, 2011). In a recent report, it is said that the president of the Columbia;s National Federation of Coffee Growers have confirmed the purchase of 6 to 7 percent of Starbucks shares (Castaneda S, 2009). This shows that Starbucks Coffee has sole ownership over the high quality beans which is an advantage for them. Starbucks Coffee has a good reputation and is well accepted throughout the world. This reflects on their intangible resources to attract customers. Having a good brand name, friendly employees and high quality coffee beans are the main traits possessed by Starbucks Coffee. 2. 4. 0 External Analysis 2. 4. 1 Opportunities Starbucks has always use their opportunities to expand their business in to a whole new level. Firstly, Starbucks has created an opportunity for themselves to expand their brand name to foreign countries. It is reported that Starbucks are planning to open up to 15,000 new stores across the world in the years to come (Datamonitor, 2005). Apart from that, Starbuck’s technological advancements has given them a good opportunity to conveniently distribute products to customers through the internet. Starbucks has also equipped all their lounges with WiFi services to accommodate their valued-customers to boot (Elgan M, 2008). . 4. 2 Threats One of the threats that will be faced by Starbucks coffee is the price fluctuation of diary and coffee products. The price of theese products can also be affected by the income levels of customers in upcoming or developing country as goods over there are highly inflated (Pinkasovitch A, 2011). In every industry that we are in, there will always be competitors trying to penetrate the market . Competitors for Starbucks Coffee would be other coffehouses that sells coffee. Coffeebean, San Francisco Coffee, and Gloria Jeans are direct competitors for Starbucks. 2. 5 PEST Analysis 2. 5. 1 Political Factor: One of the political factors that posses as a major issue for Starbucks is the unstability of political issues that would directly affect the growth rate of Starbucks Coffee. From a recent report, it says that up to five Arab states have decided to boycott American goods with their primary target being Starbucks Coffee shops (Antievil, 2008) 2. 5. 2 Economic Factor: Apart from that, Economic factor is also a very important matter to look into when executing a strategic analysis. One of the economical problems that affected Starbucks was the recession in Switzerland, Japan and Germany in the early 2000s. In a more recent report, the Company had revealed a 70% drop in their quarterly profits to only $64. 3m. Apart from that, they are also planning to close down up to 300 stores (Clark A, 2009). 2. 5. 3 Social Factor: Starbucks has always prioritise on their social issues and responsibilities. Starbucks always participated in upholding the importance of the environment. A move by Starbucks to create a partnership with the Conservation International, mainly to put their attention on environmental protection such as waste reduction and energy and water saving programs (David, 2009). A move like this proves that Starbucks are cautious about the social responsibilities. 2. 5. 4 Technology: In terms of technology, Starbucks has always been up to date. All of Starbuck’s outlets are fitted with Wi-Fi services. Another move to be technologically involved will be the creation of music CDs that will suit the specific moods of customers. They are available for purchase at any Starbucks outlet (Lodi K, 2006). 2. 5 Porter’s Five Forces Framework: The Porter’s Five Forces framework is applied to go in to a more in depth analysis of an industry. The five forces usually includes industry competitors, new entrants, suppliers, customers, and substitutes. In all industries, companies will have to face strong competitors in order to dominate the markets. For Starbucks, their main rivalries would be Coffee Bean, San Francisco Coffee, and other coffee lounges that falls into Starbuck’s category. They do not only compete domestically, but also internationally. Sometimes, rivalry from other industries can also be a threat. For example, McDonalds could pose as a threat to Starbucks because they are a fast-food chain yet they still provide coffee in their menu. They could be one of the strongest competitors for Starbucks to face (Gregory S, 2009). Another forces that Starbucks faces is the emergence of substitute products. Because Starbucks is a premium product, therefore their prouct prices are usually very high. During a recession, there is a high possibility that customers from Starbucks look for a substition to lower down their expenditure. Products like Coca-cola or Pepsi-cola could be one of the substitues for high quality coffee beans. However there is a big difference in the taste and smell when it is being consumed. Therefore the main substitute for Starbucks will be basic coffee. This will be a threat to Starbucks because they are an organisation that caters to high-income earners. One other factor that might affect an industry will be the customer’s buying power. However, this depends on the organisation itself. If they are an attractive organisation then the bargaining power of buyers will be low and poses no threat to the company. For Starbucks, the bargaining power of its buyers are low. Althought prices of Starbucks are high, customers still buy it because of its differentiated and outstanding products. The other forces that will directly affect an industry is the supplier’s bargaining power. The supplier’s bargaining power will rise when there is a rise in demand of the product that they supply. Starbucks could be facing this threat because they rely on central american to produce the coffee traded. Since there are more demand in high-quality beans, main suppliers will naturally have a stronger bargaining power. â€Å"An over-crowded market will give the coffee suppliers bargaining power. There are no substitute products for the coffee beans Starbucks must buy. This is a potential threat to the company,† (Hanft A, 2005). 3. 0 Strategy Formulation 3. 1 BusinessLevel Strategy For all the industries, they have to chose a business strategy that can successfully dominate the market. The formulation of this strategy is very crucial in a busines because it helps to find customers. One of the tools that can be used to formulate an industry’s business level strategies is the porter’s generic strategies. Starbucks uses the focused differentiated strategy derived by Michael Porter to run their business. As we all know, Starbucks is known as a food and beverage company. But to be specific, Starbucks is a food and beverage company that focuses on coffee brewing. They are well known for their high-quality beans and comfortable lounges. Starbucks chooses a segment to market their products to. This includes coffee fanatics and people who are looking for a place to relax. However, Starbucks caters their products to mostly high-income earners because their products are expensive. This shows that the focused differentiation strategy is used to seek their competitive advantage in the market through uniqueness of their products (Campling J, 2007). The advantage of Starbucks’ focus on a single market can give them the chance to handle all managerial, financial, technological, and capabilities in one business. Starbucks has always been trying to come out with more creative and innovative products to be differentiated among their competitors. This has certainly made them the biggest winner in the coffee based industry (Guarriello T, 2008). Although the prices are high in Starbucks, they are very differentiated in terms of the coffee beans they use and they way the serve. This shows that the focus differentiation startegy that Starbucks uses is an effective way to attract customers since they are the world leading brand in its industry. Another way to formulate a business-level strategy in an industry is to apply the product life cycle method. The first stage of a product life cycle is introduction, followed by growth, maturity, and decline (Campling J, 2007). 3. 2 Corporate-level Strategy The corporate strategies are used by industries to direct their organisations towards a sustainable competitive advantage (Campling J, 2007). The main purpose for the use of this strategy is to set a target and control resources allocation for an enterprise. The first approach to formulate a corporate strategy is the portfolio planning approach. The portfolio planning approach are designed to help managers to decide on investing scare organisational resources among competing business opportunity. This straregy is very useful for multibusiness enterprises like Starbucks. Growth strategy can be used as one of the corporate level strategy to effectively expand and increase the size of a company’s operations, through store expansion and global market penetration. In order for Starbucks to successfully expand their stores, it is required for them to have full concentration on their products (Campling J, 2007). Starbucks has been very aggressive in store expansion, this includes them opening up to a dozen of stores in China in year 2007 (Yan Z, 2008). In addition to that, Starbucks has also put their main focus on diversifying their growth to other products. 4. 0 Strategy Implementation 4. 1 Organisation Structure: An enterprise’s organisation structure is the mixture of task and reporting relationships that allows the company to control its lines of authority and communication at the same time allocating rights and duties. There are three types of organisational structures, the divisional structure, matrix organisation and hybrid structure. Starbucks has adopted the matrix organisation structure to focus on. All the employees in this firm would report to both a functional and divisional manager and lastly to a project manager. Failures of strategic planning happens most of the time. The most common strategic planning failures are failures of substance and failures of process. Failure of substance happens because there is inadequate attention being paid to major strategic planning elements. Failures of process will be caused by poor handling of strategy implentation like lack of participation error and goal displacement error. Therefore, the organisational structure in a company is very important to avoid unwanted uprising problems. . 2 Corporate Governance: The corporate governace is the system of control and performance monitoring of top management (Campling J, 2007). This task is usually done by the boards of directors, and other major stakeholder in the company. For Starbucks Coffee, they currently have 9 directors including the CEO of Starbucks Howard Schultz. These directors of Star bucks are responsible for ensuring goals and objectives in the company are met. The directors are well aware of their responsibility to provide a stable managing process so that the company’s goalds are met (www. starbucks. com). 4. Strategic Leadership Strategic management is a leadership responsibility. Whereas strategic leadership is the capability to prepare others with the ever-changing strategies in the market. Michael Porter says that the strategic leader of an enterprise has to be the CEO of an organisation (Campling J, 2007). One of the most crucial task for a strategic leader is to be a guardian of trade-offs. Countless commitment and disipline has to be put in by a strategic leader in order for the business the be successful. Another trait that a strategic leader must posses is the ability to create a sense of urgency. By having a sense of urgency, the strategic leader is able to give out a strong message to its organisation and their members that the need for consistent improvementwill always persist. A strategic-chief will also have to ensure that everyone related to the organistion understands the strategy that they are using. Leaders in an organisations will have to keep their members updated with their latest business strategy. Furthermore, the task of a strategic leader also includes being a teacher and a good communicator. 5. 0 Conclusion 5. 1 Importance of Strategic Management In conclusion, strategic management involves many processes. This includes identifying the mision, objectives and strategies of an industry. Strategic management is very important for a business as it is used to derive the main strategy for your business. With good strategic manangement skills, leaders are able to adopt to the sudden change in the market and they can also prepare themselves to the different needs and wants of their customers. An industry with a good strategy will always be succesful. Strategic management can also be applied to analyse the internal and external environment of an industry which can give leaders of an industry a better understanding of the market. How to cite Core Business Skills, Essay examples

Egyptian Art Statue From Metropolitan Museum Essay Example For Students

Egyptian Art Statue From Metropolitan Museum Essay This superb pair standing statue remains semi-attached to the limestone block from which they were carved. There is chipping on the surface of Memis man right arm. A portion of Sabus woman nose and her lips appear to be chipped off as well. On the lower part of Sabus body there is chipping on both legs and right underneath her pelvic area. There are visible horizontal lines that cut right across Memis right forearm and underneath Sabus breasts. These lines may indicate what pieces of the statue had to be mended back together. There is also chipping on the bottom right hand corner of the stone slab underneath Memis right leg. We will write a custom essay on Egyptian Art Statue From Metropolitan Museum specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now There are remnants of black paint on Sabus wig, hairline and on her pupils. On Memis left shoulder there is a small remnant of rust color paint that was probably the skin color used for his whole body. Black paint is also visible on the lower portion of Memis hair, especially along the tips closest to his shoulders. All other paint on the statue seems to have deteriorated over the years. The hieroglyphs along the bottom of the stone slab label this work of historical art with representations of birds and plants. The representation of nature in Egyptian artwork is very common during the Old Kingdom time period. The overall statue remains fairly intact suffering from only one major handicap, which is the loss of its original color. This pair statue subtly deviates from the conventional representations of husband and wife in Old Kingdom artwork. This statue is rather exceptional because we see an image where the wifes symbolic gesture that signifies their marital status is affectionately returned by her husbands embrace. There is a sense of intimacy and warmth in this embrace. This may explain the fact that Memi stands with his feet together as opposed to the masculine striding pose where the left leg is slightly advanced. Memi retains the strict canonical pose with respect to the rigid frontal well-built body. His right arm hangs straight down and close to his side while his right hand is clenched in a fist with the thumb facing forward. He appears to be clenching some type of cylinder rod, which can also be interpreted as a symbol of royalty or power. His chest muscles, abdominal muscles and right bicep emphasize his well-toned body. His left arm wraps around the back of Sabus head and drapes down over her left shoulder. His left hand rests on her left breast. His fingers are stiff and elongated. Knuckles are visible and his left thumb is seen in profile. Memi stands much larger than Sabu and is almost a full head taller than she is. Their bodies are not aligned together; Memi is slightly more advanced and protrudes a bit more from the stone slab than Sabu. His back is not fully attached to the slab although his legs and feet appear to be semi-attached. Memis face is round in shape and is his gaze is focused straight ahead. His jaw line is not clearly defined. The texture of his hair appears to be very thick and in layers. This possibly could be interpreted for wavy or even curly hair. His hair partially covers his forehead and fully covers his ears almost touching his shoulders. His neck is very tiny and otherwise not proportioned to the rest of his body. His eyes are oval shaped and his nose is round and wide. He has full lips and his chin is well defined. Memi wears a garment wrapped around his waist, which covers the lower portion of his body to his knees. He is also wearing some type of belt that fastens underneath his navel and imitates a fan-pleated pattern, which covers the right side of his garment. His knees and shinbones are highly defined. .ud564935cd0f5d14d46b926a1d2dc12c2 , .ud564935cd0f5d14d46b926a1d2dc12c2 .postImageUrl , .ud564935cd0f5d14d46b926a1d2dc12c2 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ud564935cd0f5d14d46b926a1d2dc12c2 , .ud564935cd0f5d14d46b926a1d2dc12c2:hover , .ud564935cd0f5d14d46b926a1d2dc12c2:visited , .ud564935cd0f5d14d46b926a1d2dc12c2:active { border:0!important; } .ud564935cd0f5d14d46b926a1d2dc12c2 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ud564935cd0f5d14d46b926a1d2dc12c2 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ud564935cd0f5d14d46b926a1d2dc12c2:active , .ud564935cd0f5d14d46b926a1d2dc12c2:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ud564935cd0f5d14d46b926a1d2dc12c2 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ud564935cd0f5d14d46b926a1d2dc12c2 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ud564935cd0f5d14d46b926a1d2dc12c2 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ud564935cd0f5d14d46b926a1d2dc12c2 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud564935cd0f5d14d46b926a1d2dc12c2:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ud564935cd0f5d14d46b926a1d2dc12c2 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ud564935cd0f5d14d46b926a1d2dc12c2 .ud564935cd0f5d14d46b926a1d2dc12c2-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ud564935cd0f5d14d46b926a1d2dc12c2:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Subjects such as art, music and drama EssayHis ankles are much narrower than the lower portion of his leg and his toes resemble the appearance of his fingers. Sabus pose is canonical with her left arm hanging straight down and close to her body. Her left hand rests on her left thigh with the thumb facing forward. Her right arm circles around her husbands waist. A portion of her right arm and shoulder are visible showing the extension of her arm around his body. Her right hand fingers are very stiff and close together. Her right thumb is carved in profile. Sabu is significantly smaller than Mimi and stands closer to the stone slab. Her back is slightly separated from the stone slab as well as her feet. Mimis left elbow is visible behind her head. The difference in height between the two figures suggests the artists depiction of the roles that a husband and wife has, where the male should be viewed as the more dominant figure. Sabus facial structure and characteristics are very similar to Mimis, although her jaw line is much more defined and her neck is significantly longer than her counterpart. Sabus natural hairline can be seen right above the arch of her eyebrow. The hair is parted in the middle and combed evenly to each side of her face. Her wig appears to have a thick braided texture and rests on top of her natural hair. The part in her wig is aligned perfectly with the part in her natural hairline. Her ears are fully covered and the length of her wig almost touches her shoulders. This image is very similar to the way Queen Khamerernebtys hair and wig is represented in the portrait statue of her and King Menkaure. Sabus gaze deviates from the conventional pose of staring straight ahead. Her head is slightly turned and she is gazing off to the left. Her eyes are very wide and the eyeball seems to protrude slightly from the socket. Her nose is partially chipped off along with a portion of her lips. Although they are not fully intact, her lips are full and resemble the shape of Memis. Likewise can be said about the remains of her nose. Sabu is wearing a sheath dress that clearly defines her body underneath it. The outline of her right breast is entirely visible while her left breast is completely covered by Mimis left hand. Her abdominal muscles and naval are visible through the dress. Her waist is much narrower than the rest of her body and seems to be very well proportioned. The outline of the pubic triangle is well defined perhaps to represent her womanhood. The emphasis on this area is common amongst most Old Kingdom statues of women. Her hips and thighs are rounded and her kneecaps are visible through the dress. Her ankles are the same width as her leg and the artist did little to differentiate between where the leg ends and the ankle begins. Her toes point straight out and bear a similar appearance to her fingers.

Cancer Essays (265 words) - RTT, Oncology, Pathology, Cancer

Cancer Cancer Hippocrates gave cancer ( Greek for crab ) its name because it spread through tissues like the movements of a crab. At first oncogenes, genes with highly specialized functions were said to be the cancer genes . This of course was wrong as oncogenes promote normal cell division and growth as well as the repair and replacement of damaged cells. Cancer starts when one out of as many as one trillion cells goes awry. When first damaged the cell loses its external controls and then the internal controls defect. From this it tries to develop a new set of internal controls by multiplying at a rapid pace which spreads colonies throughout the body. Cancer has been said to have two steps: mutation and promotion. During mutation the cell has been hit and permanently damaged; the cell is primed and ready to be molded known as a cancer cell Promotion is the cell division of the cancerous cell which then loses its controls- it then compensates itself by becoming an autonomous body Cancer can take 10 - 15 years to become fully developed, this depending on the cause or the aggressiveness of the tumour. Mature cells tend to progress slower. Metastases is the final stage when cancer is spread through the body by blood vessels or lymphatic channels. Single metastases can be cured usually by surgery or radiotherapy and multiple metastsases is cured by chemotherapy . Metastases follows a path- from the primary tumour to a specific organ or organs. The organ metastases effects the most is the lungs since all the blood in the body travels there. Health and Beauty Essays

buy custom Health Improvement in Taiwan essay

buy custom Health Improvement in Taiwan essay According to the Taiwan Association of Medical Experts for the Study of Obesity, 33.1 percent of males and 21.4 percent of females in Taiwan were considered Obese as of the year 2010 (Chang, 2011). Opitz and Gilbert-Barness (2007) state that the obesity has been classified as a leading preventable cause of deaths universally with large scale studies in American and European continents being carried out. This indicates that obesity-related deaths are more prevalent with increasing Body Mass Indices (BMI). In the U.S. alone, obesity causes between 110,000 to 365,000 deaths each year, and 1.7 million people in Europe die from overweight-related complications per year (World Health Organization, 2012).Other regions in the world are similarly affected, except Sub-Saharan Africa, the only region where obesity is currently not a major threat. An even larger number of persons in each region are considered overweight, pausing serious health concerns over the long term period. Important studie s have been carried out to create awareness in people regarding their health status (Opitz Gilbert-Barness, 2007). This essay will focus on public health awareness in Taiwan and obesity statistics as a particular case of the effect of health awareness. Health, Weight, and Obesity Health is defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as the state of complete well-being mentally, physically, and spiritually and not the absence of disease (Chang, 2011). The environment, mainly the state of the air, water, and living quarters, is a key determinant of individuals and societys health. According to the WHO, other health determinants are social and economic environments, the individual behavior, as well as the physical environment (WHO, 2011). As food security situations become better and lifestyle changes lead towards less physical activity, more people throughout the world face the risk of becoming overweight while an increasingly large umber are becoming obese. Body Mass Index (BMI) is used to determine if one is overweight, underweight, normal weight, or obese. Obesity is a state of having excessive body fat. In many instances, obesity results from the lack of exercise, where one intakes high fat food. Few cases take place where it may be caused by genetic p roblems, certain medication, as well as certain mental diseases (Chang, 2011). Taiwan The Journal of Clinical Nursing administered questionnaires to 816 male and 781 female high school students in 2007-2008 with the aim of finding out their status of health literacy and how this affected obesity prevalence (World Health Organization, 2012). The study also focused on the respondents' awareness of their family incomes as well the education level of their parents. Students were taken from six schools, with 55% of respondents in senior high school and the rest in vocational high school. Most were currently living with their parents (World Health Organization, 2012). Health awareness was assessed using six items: nutrition, appreciation of life, stress management, health responsibility, and social support and exercise. 1620 forms were filled and returned, whereby health literacy scores were awarded as follows. All students who scored above 75 percent on the health awareness scale were awarded a high level health literacy status. Those who scored below 25 percent on the HL form were classified as having low health literacy, the rest were termed as medium level HL students (Opitz Gilbert-Barness, 2007). Results The results showed that 40.6 % were high level HL respondents, 49.3 % were medium level HL respondents while 9.7 % were low level HL. 68.3 % of senior high school respondents were ethnic Taiwanese who knew their parents monthly incomes and had college graduate parents. These students tended to have higher HL scores than those in vocational scchools or had no knowledge of their family incomes and had non-college graduate parents. This shows the role of family support and educations as well as the type of school attended in promoting Health Literacy. 51.4 % reported having had health problems, and 59.2 % as having poor health. There was found a correlation between health literacy and health status (Opitz Gilbert-Barness,2007). Additionally, low health literate students appeared to have less knowledge concerning health promoting behavior (were less aware of nutritional contributions to health and had poorer interpersonal relations) (Chang, 2011). However, little evidence was found to suggest that low HL students exercised less or had poorer stress management skills. The achievement of a healthy body weight is a key factor in preventing obesity. It is necessary to continually promote health literacy in students in order to sensitize them on the healthy body mass index (BMI) range and, further, to help them maintain it by choosing the type of food to use as well as the role of exercise and good interpersonal relations (Chang, 2011). As the studies indicate, only 40.6 % were well informed about the existing health issues (Opitz Gilbert-Barness, 2007). Obesity is, in most cases, related to controllable health practices, such as nutrition and exercise, yet its presence can enormously raise chances of other diseases like heart diseases and diabetes. Informing the society about all the simple ways of maintaining healthy practices as a way to prevent being overweight, thus significantly reducing chances of developing obesity should be the key factor in maintaining a healthy community (Chang, 2011). The studies in the above report suggest that more than a half of respondents are not sufficiently aware of what they need to do in order to remain healthy. Creating awareness through educational policies and community initiatives might help in reducing the obesity threat in Taiwanese communities (World Health Organization, 2012). Buy custom Health Improvement in Taiwan essay

Sct2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Sct2 - Essay Example It will be done through conducting case studies involving qualitative structured interviews, content analysis of documents, and research from secondary sources. Knowledge-intensive organisations are heavily involved with and dependent on knowledge. Starbuck (1992) defined them as having a greater importance for knowledge than other inputs and outputs. In the knowledge-based world we now live in, knowledge is a very important resource (Rooney et al, 2005). Moreover, knowledge-intensive organisations are playing a central role; and are responsible for the radical transformations taking place (Schienstock, 2004) in our knowledge society. This knowledge function of management has therefore completely changed the former bureaucratic concept characterised by managing a standardised organisational structure, planning methods, work processes, and so on (Mintzberg, 1983). Knowledge management policies refer to those methods employed that â€Å"support the creation, transfer, storage, retrieval and application of knowledge, and they can include technical as well as human components† (Jemielniak & Kociatkiewicz, 2009:174). This may be in a comprehensive manner or as special localised tools. For the former, implementation support systems may be established that aim to make knowledge management easier. Such systems would deal with not only establishing appropriate structures, and technical systems in place, but also providing effective leadership and organisational culture. Generally, innovation is facilitated by highly flexible structures â€Å"because they push people to interact and encourage creativity† (Jemielniak & Kociatkiewicz, 2009:174), and technical systems are based on information and communication technologies. Establishing the right culture would be necessary because it can then allow continuous advantages to be gained. The figure below shows a visualisation of the components of a knowledge management system

Trust in EU Literature review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Trust in EU - Literature review Example As a result, EU is more of an organisation for support between governments. There are three key decision making institutions which comprises the European Parliament which characterizes the EU’s inhabitants, and they pick directly, the Council of the European Union which characterizes the body member states and finally the European Commission, which characterizes the problem of the Union entirely. The institutional triangle creates the rules and regulations that apply all through the European Union. Theoretically, it is the Commission that suggests new laws, only that the Council and Parliament that puts them into practice. The member states and the Commission subsequently employ them, and the Commission inflict them. The supremacy and tasks of the EU institutions and the set of laws and measures are set down in the Treaties on which the EU is established. The Treaties are approved by the presidents and prime ministers of all the EU states and then endorsed by their parliaments . A conceptualization of trust in international relations by Hoffman, A Scholarly and guideline makers have realized a connection amid trust and the diplomatic pledge of interstate quarrels. For instance, over forty years ago, Karl Deutsch et al., (1957) identified trust as part of the strength at which peaceful relations are made. Recently, Koffi Annan, the UN secretary general characterized the December 2000 peace agreement connecting Ethiopia and Eritrea as a chance for the two countries to work for reconciling (Associated press, 12 December 2000). In 1993, there was a joint declaration of peace connecting British and Irish governments explicitly connected trust to the success of an agreed peaceful era. Nonetheless, it is evident that the failures to improve the peace that people’s understanding of how interstate associations come up is a concern that needs to be acted upon. The assumption of the traditional approach that trust is a necessary condition for cooperation is r ather invalid. Therefore, the author of this had an objective of developing a chain of actions that are more susceptible to the existence of trusting associations than already present indicators. This is therefore a theoretical project since it measures the way abstract constructs are conceptualized (Adock and Collier, 2000.et al) This article is considering to the definition of trust. Scholars concur on fundamentals that a description of trust have to comprise, with one exemption, some link trust with enthusiasm to take peril and the anticipation that others will respect specific requirements.(Baier, 1986 et al.,) they also have the same opinion that trusting relationships are behavioral expressions of trust. Snijders (1996) claims that trusting relationships develops when actors give others judgment over other concerns founded on the belief that those concerns will not be laid up. Third they also concur that the concentration and capacity of trust and trusting affairs have the abi lity for disparity. With regard to trust, intensity is the potency of an actor’s notion of the trust worth whereas regarding trusting relations; the strength is the quantity of judgment trustors give trustees over their concerns. On the other hand, Hardin contends that trust is never absolute, that it always involves a three part relation, as in A and B to do with x or subject of x (Hardin, 1998) Conversely, many others propose that trust amid parties can be wide-ranging, spreading over the

Non Financial Performance Measures: Summary and Analysis

Non Financial Performance Measures: Summary and Analysis Total quality management and non financial performance measures In order to answer the first, fundamental, question of using non financial performance measure: why should companies use non-financial reporting, it is necessary to look at the relationship between market value and book value. The market value of a company reflects the investors’ perception of the company’s present, and future, value, as manifested by stock prices. The book value, on the other hand, reflects the value of the company as reported in the official balance sheet: assets less liabilities, or net assets. Thus book value represents, in a way, the official company value and is reported to shareholders and the financial community. The market and book values for companies were very close by the end of the 1970s. The picture has, however, changed dramatically, and one estimate from the current level of stock market valuations says that book value now represents on average just around one quarter of the market value (Dutta and Reicheistein, 2005). Other data indicates an even more dramatic change in companies with valuable brands, a reputation for high quality or technical expertise, for example, in individual companies, e.g. Microsoft, the estimated book value portion is around 9%, for SAP around 5%, and for Coca-Cola around 7%. (Daum, 2002) The ratio of book value to market value is often so small that the relevance of the balance sheet to modern has often questionable. It is, of course, crucial to understand the gap between market and book values, as the market value comes from the intangible assets, such as the customer, human resource, partner, and brand assets. In order to understand the gap, there is an ob vious need for relevant and reliable information on these intangible assets, thus non-financial performance measures aim to providing such information to the stakeholders, and in particular, to the present and future investors. Lack of reliable and relevant information on intangible assets implies there is no basis for non-financial reporting, which in turn implies that market values will change over time in a less well-founded way. There is always a certain level of volatility on the stock markets, and the increasing relative importance of intangible, non financial performance measurements that has emerged over the last few decades, in combination with a persistent lack of reliable and relevant information on these assets, and no systematic non-financial reporting, is expected to create an increasing volatility. This is clearly seen, for example, on the trends in the NYSE over the past three decades (Kristensen and Westlund, 2003). It is, naturally, expected that a lack of non financial reporting will imply a significant portion of unnecessary volatility, which is clearly demonstrated by the stock price development for technology stocks (Kristensen and Westlund, 2003). For example, the IT ‘bubble’ to a significant extent was built up by a lack of proper information and analysis of intangible assets in these companies, due to a lack of non financial performance measurement and thus an overvaluing of intangible technology assets, such as AOL’s telecommunications distribution networks at the time of the AOL-Time Warner merger (The Economist, 2002). It is clear that this demonstrates a malfunctioning of the capital markets, causing significant negative consequences by destroying values in the short term, as well as long term. As such, the main purpose of non financial performance measurement is to provide the market investors and analysts with information to verify the present and expected future value of a company. Ultimately, the process of verifying the market value at a certain time will then be more fact based, thus reducing the unnecessary price volatility. In order to accurately achieve this, the key predictors of a company’s future financial performance: revenue, profits and market share, are crucial. Most recent research identifies these predictors as being primarily intangibles, non financial assets, thus explaining why market value today is basically determined by intangible assets. (Kristensen and Westlund, 2003) In particular, indicators related to the customer asset: the size and ‘quality’ of the customer base, the human capital, the brand assets, the value of corporate citizenship, and the firms product quality and expertise, will dominate. If such an indicator is a reas onably stable, strong and sustainable predictor of future financial performance, it should be called a ‘Value Driver’ (Kristensen and Westlund, 2003). Non-financial reporting aims at disclosing information on value drivers, which must be operationalised and transparent and, ideally, verifiable according to new accounting standards in order to become true non financial performance measures. Total quality management (TQM) practices have been implemented by firms interested in enhancing their survival prospects by including quality and continuous improvement in their strategic priorities. As such, they often have to be measured using both financial and non financial measures, as the expertise and cultural aspects of the TQM process are often difficult to measure by purely quantitative, financial means. One of the key measures of the success of TQM is the balanced scorecard (BSC) approach, which appraises both the four key dimensions of firm performance: customers, financial, learning and growth, and also the internal business processes. The main advantage of this is that TQM does not consider employee satisfaction in its search for continuous improvement, but the BSC does consider employee satisfaction. (Hoque, 2003) Therefore, by adopting a BSC a firm that has adopted TQM will overcome this oversight which will in turn increase employee satisfaction and subsequently firm performance. Indeed, in the modern business context, employee satisfaction is key to firm performance, and so the BSC is an important non financial performance measure. TQM’s relentless pursuit of quality demands that firms identify all non-value adding waste in the manufacturing process and implement procedures to eliminate, or at least reduce, such activities. This implies better production planning to limit over-production and excessive inventory and improved product and plant design to eliminate wasteful movement and handling. (Smith, 1997) Substandard items must be eliminated and a changed attitude reinforced which is customer-focused and adopts ‘the next person on the production line is my customer’ approach (Hoque, 2003). The cost of quality is a potentially important component of management accounting systems which may facilitate the implementation of total quality management, despite being difficult to measure in absolute financial terms. The costs of prevention, appraisal and failure are all aspects of the cost of quality, and it is often necessary to use non financial performance measures to assess these. Prevention costs include the costs of plant, product and process planning, preventive maintenance, training and the implementation of statistical process control systems, and appraisal costs include the costs of inspection and testing of both incoming and outgoing materials, and the cost of maintaining and administering appraisal systems and equipment, both of which can be measure financially However, whilst failure costs include, at the internal level, the financial costs of scrap, rework, redesign and safety stocks necessary to provide a buffer against such failure; at the external level they include losses associated with customers, goodwill and reputation, all of which require non financial performance measurements. Analysis of the costs of external failure is increasingly becoming the focus of attention in this area, reflecting the current trend towards increasing customer orientation of management accounting. (Smith, 1997) Quality considerations also extend beyond those focused on the difficult ‘cost of quality’ question, and non financial reporting is useful in providing measures of other aspects of quality, such as the quality of purchased components, equipment failure and maintenance efforts. As a result, it is necessary for TQM practitioners to consider the relationship between the types of targets or benchmarks used in the two main contrasting performance improvement strategies continuous improvement and radical change. (Johnston et al, 2001) hypothesised that the process of target setting and the reward structures adopted would be different between the two strategies, proposing that organisations involved in continuous improvement of a process will base their performance targets on past performance and internal benchmarking, arrived at through consultation and with a mixture of financial and non-financial measurements of targets. However, for processes involving radical change, targets will be based on external benchmarks imposed by senior management, with purely financial targets, and financial rewards for their achievement. However, research showed that financial measurement and reward strategies predominated in both improvement strategies, thus implying that the pot ential benefits of adopting process changes are being constrained by only considering the financial side. However, whilst academic research and other research activities among accounting organisations on intangible assets has so far mainly focused on creating awareness of the significant importance of intangibles on future financial performance, to a lesser extent, research has dealt with the serious information deficiencies related to intangible assets (Hothorn et al, 2005). In particular, the research focus seems to have been on studying the dramatic shift in production functions and asset composition of the economy, rather than the underlying problems associated with measuring intangible assets, especially in cases such as Enron, where derivatives were grossly overvalued (Wilson et al, 2003). This research involves a multitude of research activities, including the macroeconomic theory of growth, as well as empirical studies on individual companies. The growing importance of intangible assets has already been demonstrated, and one rationale behind this development is the fact that the annual United States investments in intangible assets are of approximately the same magnitude as investments in physical assets: approximately $1.2 trillion (Lev, 2001). These activities have clearly led to a rather general acceptance that traditional, financial, accounting-based, information systems fail to provide investors and policy makers with insights on the impact on the economy from intangibles. This is of increasing importance, given that the volatility of stock prices is becoming abnormally high, and this raises many serious consequences, including systematic inefficiency in managerial decisions. The recommendations so far from researchers seem to be voluntary disclosure of information on intangibles, and indeed, some companies now report externally on various aspects of intangible assets, but this happens in a very non-standardised way and seems to be of limited value for investors’ decisions. Consultants, in particular linked to the accounting industry, are empirically analysing causes and consequences of investments in intangible assets, but this research provides only marginal guidelines in identifying best practice for non financial reporting (Kristensen and Westlund, 2003) Different suggestions have been presented by researchers to identify the new research agenda to understand better and manage intangible assets, with Lev (2001), for example, suggesting a focus on research related to organizational structures. The obviously incorrect validation of intangible assets in the cases of Enron and WorldCom (The Economist, 2002), shows that another focus of research mus t be to identify best practice methodology to measure intangible assets, and to measure the main intangible value drivers for future financial performance. Indeed, the sustainability of non financial reporting is completely dependent on how it will be accepted by the stakeholders of the business community: investors, analysts, customers, boards, management, employees, the accounting profession, etc This, in turn, completely depends on the ability and willingness by the accountants to provide a formal verification of the process to generate information, as well as on the information itself. Finally, this in turn depends on the quality of the information: â€Å"Companies must start by first identifying their true value drivers both financial and non-financial within the context of their business model, and by ensuring they have defined the right metrics as well as the measurement methodologies and systems to capture the right information for internal management† (PriceWaterhouseCoopers, 2001). Recognising that the treatment of non financial performance is a key current issue in accountancy, accounting associations have already identified a number of criteria and principles to secure and describe the quality of non-financial information. This process, however, appears far from being finalised, and in particular lacks a focus on the statistical characteristics of the information, and there is also a need for further operationalisation and transparency of the quality principles (Lev, 2001) As a general principle, any verification process should verify that non-financial reporting includes the right choice of information, has the necessary degree of relevance, and that the information provided has a reasonable level of reliability. If these three requirements are not sufficiently fulfilled there is unlikely to be a sustainable future for non financial performance measurement, in TQM or any other business aspect. Further to this, information that does not say anything or very little about future financial performance should not be included in non-financial reporting. All the included information must manifest the so called Value Drivers (Kristensen and Westlund, 2003) and such value drivers should be either directly linked to future financial data, or they could be indirectly linked, through a direct value driver. Thus, relevance should be defined by the existence of verified links to future financial numbers; however this raises a number of pertinent questions to be answered by the accounting profession. Mainly, they would need to decide which financial criteria should primarily be considered to secure relevance; and which future time period is of interest to investors. For the moment, it is probably worthwhile to have a very broad scope here, as this would mean that any financial information of interest could be used and, in addition, the future time period is defined in a very generic way. Of course, it is much more difficult to verify links to financial numbers if the lead time is substantial, and so care should be taken that the data will have a recognised financial impact within a reasonably short period of time. Indeed, whatever financial criterion and time period is chosen, it is crucial to be able to verify a strong enough and stable likely future financial impact from the non financial data. In order to better, and more accountably, measure this, such impacts should be statistically significant according to a standard statistical measurement, written into the accounting standards. However, the question that remains is still whether impacts should also exceed a certain financial level, as well as a statistical level, in order to qualify as a significant non financial value driver. In this context, it is also difficult to decide whether these qualifying criteria should also involve the extent to which a value driver will explain any likely variation in the future financial criterion. There are many potential principles to be found in information theory and statistics that might be used here, such as direct explanatory power (Kristensen and Westlund, 2003), but unfortunately the requirement levels necessary to use these principles are not very easy to determine, and could be open to abuse. In summary, in almost all modern industries, the book value of a company does not reflect the actual market value of the company, due to the increasing importance of branding, technology, knowledge and reputation. Whilst the market and book values were still very close at the end of the 1970s, since then the picture has changed dramatically, with estimates stating that book value now represents just one quarter of the market value. As a result, it is reasonable to conclude that the measurement of intangible, non financial factors is now roughly three times as important to investors as the measurement of financially measured, tangible assets. As the market value comes from intangible assets, like the customer, human resource, partner and brand assets, in order to understand the gap there is an obvious need for relevant and reliable information on these intangible assets, which is best provided by non financial performance measures. In the context of TQM, a large portion of the process improvements seen due to TQM initiatives will not have a definite financial effect; rather they will improve a product’s attractiveness to customers, or improve the efficiency of a firm’s processes. As a result, their primary impact will be difficult to measure by financial measures, and so non financial performance measures will be most relevant. From this, it follows that the accountancy profession needs a new reporting system and also need to define a best practice of measurement for these non financial performance measures, in order to reflect the true value of initiatives such as TQM. This system has a number of requirements, including causality, standardisation, relevance or link to financial results and reliability. The prevailing opinion appears to be that it is time that new reporting systems are introduced and implemented, as the discrepancy between the importance of intangibles and the ability to account for these types of assets constitutes a growing challenge for companies, investors and for society in general. The relevant people, including academics, managers, accountants, practitioners and auditors, should thus come together and formulate a new charter for future reporting of non financial performance measures. References: Daum, J. H. (2002) Intangible Assets or the Art to Create Value Wiley. Dutta, S. and Reicheistein, S. (2005) Stock Price, Earnings, and Book Value in Managerial Performance Measures. Accounting Review; Vol. 80, Issue 4, p. 1069. Hoque, Z. (2003) Total Quality Management and the Balanced Scorecard Approach: A Critical Analysis of their Potential Relationships and Directions for Research. Critical Perspectives on Accounting; Vol. 14, Issue 5, p. 553. Hothorn, T. Leisch, F. Zeileis, A. and Hornik, K. (2005) The Design and Analysis of Benchmark Experiments. Journal of Computational Graphical Statistics; Vol. 14, Issue 3, p. 675. Johnston, R. Fitzgerald, L. Markou, E. and Brignall, S. (2001) Target setting for evolutionary and revolutionary process change. International Journal of Operations Production Management; Vol. 21, Issue 11, p. 1387. Kristensen, K. and Westlund, A. H. (2003) Valid and reliable measurements for sustainable non-financial reporting. Total Quality Management and Business Excellence; Vol. 14, Issue 2, p. 161 Lev, B. (2001) Intangibles: Management, Measurements and Reporting Brookings Institution Press. PriceWaterhouseCoopers (2002) Value reporting, Forecast 2002 Bringing Information out into the Open. Smith, M. (1997) Putting NFIs to work in a balanced scorecard environment. Management Accounting: Magazine for Chartered Management Accountants; Vol. 75, Issue 3, p. 32. The Economist (2002) A steal? Vol. 365, Issue 8296, p. 57. Wilson, A. Key, K. G. and Clark, R. L. (2003) Enron: An In-Depth Analysis Of The Hedging Schemes. Journal of Applied Business Research; Vol. 19, Issue 4, p. 15.

Cell bio lab report Essay

Purpose: During this experiment we compared the hemagglutination reaction of control Con A solution at 2 mg/ml in Con A buffer with the hemagglutination reaction of your own purified Con A sample that you diluted previously at 2 mg/ml in Con A buffer. The purpose of this lab was to determine the strength of the reaction by performing serial dilutions on both the Con A sample and the control Con A sample, and determine through observations whether or not addition of galactose or mannose will inhibit this reaction. I hypothesize that the Con A + galactose solutions will have partial agglutination and partial no agglutination, and the Con A + mannose solutions will have all no agglutination. Results: Rows A and B had half agglutination and half no agglutination, while row C had all no agglutination. Row D had half agglutination and half partial agglutination, while row E had 4 columns with agglutination and 8 columns with no agglutination. Row F had complete agglutination throughout. Con A reaction plate (Row/Column) Reaction A1-A6 (Control) Agglutination/inhibited A7-A12 (Control) No Agglutination/not inhibited B1-B6 (Con A + galactose) Agglutination/inhibited B7-B12 (Con A + galactose) No Agglutination/not inhibited C1-C12 (Con A + mannose) No Agglutination/not inhibited D1-D5 (Sample) Agglutination/inhibited D6-D12 (Sample) Partial agglutination/inhibited E1-E4 (Con A + galactose) Agglutination/inhibited E5-E12 (Con A + galactose) No Agglutination/not inhibited F1-F12 (Con A + mannose) No agglutination/not inhibited G1-G12 ((-)Control) Partial agglutination/inhibited H1-H12 (RBCs) Partial agglutination/inhibited Discussion: My hypothesis was proven correct, the Con A + galactose solutions did have partial agglutination and partial no agglutination, and the Con A + mannose solutions did have all no agglutination. This means that in the Con A + galactose solutions the ones that had agglutination the red cells aggregated with the lectin and sediment in the form of a uniform layer that covered the whole bottom of the well including the slopes, and in the Con A + mannose solutions the ones that failed to have agglutination take place covered only part of the bottom. We found through this experiment that the control Con A sample and the Con A sample had very similar strengths of reaction. Conclusion: In this experiment through serial dilutions on a 96 well plate we determined the strength of the each reaction on both the Con A sample and the control sample. We found through our experiment that the addition of galactose or mannose will partially inhibit or inhibit the reaction between our Con A sample and control Con A sample.

Mobile television Essay

Mobile television is television watched on a small handheld or mobile device. It includes pay TV service delivered via mobile phone networks or received free-to-air via terrestrial television stations. Regular broadcast standards or special mobile TV transmission formats can be used. Additional features include downloading TV programs and podcasts from the internet and the ability to store programming for later viewing. According to the Harvard Business Review, the growing adoption of smartphones allowed users to watch as much mobile video in just three days of the 2010 Winter Olympics as they watched throughout the entire 2008 Summer Olympics – an increase of 564%.[1] DMB in South Korea History The first pocket-sized mobile television was sold to the public by Clive Sinclair in January 1977. It was called the Microvision or the MTV-1. It had a 2-inch CRT screen and was also the first television which could pick up signals in multiple countries. It measured 102Ãâ€"159Ãâ€"41mm and was sold for less than  £100 in the UK and for around $400 in the US. The project took over ten years to develop and was funded by around  £1.6 million in British Government grants.[2][3] Mobile TV is one of the features provided by many 3G phones. In 2002, South Korea became the first country in the world to have a commercial mobile TV CDMA IS95-C network, and mobile TV over 3G (CDMA2000 1X EVDO) also became available that same year. In 2005, South Korea also became the first country in the world to have mobile TV when it started satellite DMB (S-DMB) and terrestrial DMB (T-DMB) services on May 1 and December 1, respectively. Today, South Korea and Japan are at the forefront of this developing sector.[4] Mobile TV services were launched by the operator CSL in Hong Kong, March 2006, on the 3G network.[5] BT in the United Kingdom was the among the first companies outside South Korea to launch Mobile TV in September 2006, although the service was abandoned less than a year later.[6] The same happened to â€Å"MFD Mobiles Fernsehen Deutschland†, who launched their DMB-based service June 2006 in Germany, and stopped it in April 2008.[7] Also in June 2006, mobile operator 3 in Italy (part of Hutchison Whampoa) launched their mobile TV service, but opposed to their counterpart in Germany this was based on DVB-H.[8] Sprint started offering the service in February 2006 and was the first US carrier to offer the service. In the US Verizon Wireless and more recently AT&T are offering the service. In South Korea, mobile TV is largely divided into satellite DMB (S-DMB) and terrestrial DMB (T-DMB). Although S-DMB initially had more content, T-DMB has gained much wider popularity because it is free and included as a feature in most mobile handsets sold in the country today. Challenges Mobile TV usage can be divided into three classes: †¢ Fixed – Watched while not moving, possibly moved when not being watched †¢ Nomadic – Watched while moving slowly (e.g. walking) †¢ Mobile – Watched when moving quickly (e.g. in a car) Each of these pose different challenges. Device Manufacturer’s challenges †¢ Power consumption – Continuous receipt, decoding, and display of video requires continuous power, and cannot benefit from all of the types of optimizations that are used to reduce power consumption for data and voice services. †¢ Memory – To support the large buffer requirements of mobile TV. Currently available memory capabilities will not be suited for long hours of mobile TV viewing. Furthermore, potential future applications like peer-to-peer video sharing in mobile phones and consumer broadcasting would definitely add to the increasing memory requirements. The existing P2P algorithms won’t be enough for mobile devices, necessitating the advent of mobile P2P algorithms. There is one start-up technology that claims patentability on its mobile P2P, but has not drawn attention from device manufacturers yet. †¢ Display – Larger and higher-resolution displays are necessary for a good viewing experience. †¢ Processing power – Si gnificantly more processor performance is required for mobile TV than that used for UI and simple applications, like browsers and messaging. Content Provider’s challenges †¢ Mobile TV specific content – Mobisodes: mobile episodes of popular shows which are relatively shorter (3 to 5 minutes), to suit the likely viewing habits of the mobile TV user. Digital TV North America As of January 2012, there are 120 stations in the United States broadcasting using the ATSC-M/H â€Å"Mobile DTV† standard – a mobile and handheld enhancement to the HDTV standard that improves handling of multipath interference while mobile.[9] The defunct MediaFLO used COFDM broadcast on UHF TV channel 55. Like satellite TV, it was encrypted and controlled by conditional access (provided via the cellular network). It required a subscription for each mobile device, and was limited to the AT&T Mobility or Verizon Wireless networks. Broadcast mobile DTV development While MediaFLO uses the TV spectrum and MobiTV used cell phone networks,[10] â€Å"mobile DTV† (ATSC-M/H) uses the digital TV spectrum. At the National Association of Broadcasters (NAB) show in April 2007 in Las Vegas, the ATSC and 8VSB methods for delivering mobile DTV were shown. A-VSB (Advanced VSB), from Samsung and Rohde & Schwarz, was shown at the previous year’s show. In 2007, LG, whose Zenith Electronics came up with 8VSB, introduced (with Harris Group) its Mobile-Pedestrian-Handheld (MPH) system. As the broadcast networks began making their content available online, mobile DTV meant stations would have another way to compete. Sinclair Broadcast Group tested A-VSB in fall 2006, and its KVCW and KVMY were participating in the mobile DTV product demonstrations at the NAB show. A-VSB had worked in buses at the 2007 Consumer Electronics Mobile television Show. ION Media Networks started a test station on channel 38, which was to be used for digital LPTV, to use for a single-frequency network (SFN). In some areas, more than one TV transmitter would be needed to cover all areas. Mobile DTV could have been used at that time because it would not affect HDTV reception. A single standard, however, had to be developed.[11] At the Consumer Electronics Show in January 2009, the first prototype devices from LG and other manufacturers were demonstrated, including receivers for cars from Kenwood, Visteon and Delphi. It was announced that 63 stations in 22 markets would debut the service in 2009. Gannett Broadcasting president David Lougee pointed out that many of those attending the inauguration of Barack Obama would likely hear him but not see him; had the new technology been in place, this would not have been a problem.[12] In April 2009, the Open Mobile Video Coalition, made up of over 800 broadcast stations, selected four test stations: Gannett’s WATL and ION’s WPXA-TV in Atlanta, and Fisher Communications’ KOMO-TV and Belo’s KONG-TV in Seattle. WPXA had begun mobile DTV broadcasting on April 1. The others would start in May.[13] Later in 2009, ION said it was making available HDTV, standard definition and Mobile DTV streams using its affiliates in New York City and Washington, D.C. The â€Å"triple-play† concept was part of an effort to create a Mobile DTV standard. At the time, only those with prototype receivers could pick up the streams. ION Chairman and CEO Brandon Burgess said mobile DTV lets stations â€Å"think beyond the living room and bring live television and real time information to consumers wherever they may be.†[14] The Advanced Television Systems Committee started work on mobile DTV standards in May 2007, and manufacturers and sellers worked q uickly to make the new technology a reality. The OMVC persuaded LG and Samsung to work together starting in May 2008 so that differing systems (possibly a self-destructing format war) would not delay or kill the technology. Early in July 2009, the ATSC Technology and Standards Group approved the ATSC-M/H standard for mobile DTV which all members green-lighted October 15. The public could be using the new devices by 2010, though watching TV on cell phones seemed unlikely in the near future since telephone manufacturers did not yet include that capability. The technology was expected to be used for polls and even voting.[15][16] By the end of the year, the ATSC and the Consumer Electronics Association began identifying products meeting the standard with â€Å"MDTV†.[17] Paul Karpowicz, NAB Television Board chairman and president of Meredith Broadcast Group, said This milestone ushers in the new era of digital television broadcasting, giving local TV stations and networks new opportunities to reach viewers on the go. This will introduce the power of local broadcasting to a new generation of viewers and provide all-important emergency alert, local news and other programming to consumers across the nation.[16] Later in July, the first multi-station tests began in Washington, D.C., while single stations in New York City and Raleigh, North Carolina already offered mobile DTV. The OMVC chose Atlanta’s WATL and Seattle’s KONG as â€Å"model stations† where product testing could take place. 70 stations in 28 media markets planned streams by the end of 2009. The Washington test would involve WPXW-TV, WUSA, WDCA, WRC-TV, WHUT-TV, WNUV in Baltimore, and WNVT, a part of MHz Networks, a multicasting service. All of the stations would have two of more channels each, with â€Å"electronic service guide and alert data† among the services. 20 sellers of equipment would use these stations to test using the existing standard, but testing the final standard would come later, and tests by the public would happen in 2010, when many more devices would be ready. Obviously, manufacturing large numbers of the devices could not take place without the final standard. LG, however, began mass-producing chips in June. ION technology vice president Brett Jenkins said, â€Å"We’re really at a stage like the initial launch of DTV back in 1998. There are almost going to be more transmitters transmitting mobile than receive devices on the market, and that’s probably what you’ll see for the next six to nine months.† Devices would eventually include USB dongles, netbooks, portable DVD players and in-car displays.[18] White House officials and members of Congress saw the triple-play concept in an ION demonstration on July 28, 2009 in conjunction with the OMVC.[19][20] Another demonstration took place October 16, 2009 with journalists, industry executives and broadcasters riding around Washington, D.C. in a bus with prototype devices. Included were those who would be testing the devices in the Washington and Baltimore markets in January 2010.[21] On August 7, 2009, BlackBerry service began on six TV stations–WISH-TV in Indianapolis; WAVY-TV in Hampton Roads, Virginia; KRQE in Albuquerque, New Mexico; WANE-TV in Fort Wayne, Indiana; WALA-TV in Mobile, Alabama; and KXAN-TV in Austin, Texas. 27 other stations will eventually offer the service, and LIN TV, which developed the BlackBerry service, has an iPhone application planned.[20] By October, 30 stations were airing mobile DTV signals, and that number was expected to be 50 by year-end. Also in the same month, FCC chair Julius Genachowski announced efforts to increase the amount of spectrum available to wireless services.[16] Also in August, WTVE and Axcera began testing a single-frequency network (SFN) with multiple transmitters using the new mobile standard. The RNN affiliate in Reading, Pennsylvania had used this concept since 2007.[22] Richard Mertz of Cavell, Mertz & Associates says VHF won’t work as well for mobile DTV because a 15-inch antenna or some other solution would be required, although he has heard from people who had no problems. An amplified antenna or higher power for the transmitting station would likely be needed, as well as repeater stations where terrain is a problem.[23] Lougee, whose company planned testing in its 19 markets in 2010, said the chip designs with the new devices made targeted advertising possible.[21] In December 2009, Concept Enterprises introduced the first Mobile DTV tuner for automobiles. Unlike earlier units, this one will provide a clear picture without pixilation in a fast-moving vehicle, using an LG M/H chip and a one-inch roof-mounted antenna. No subscription wil be required.[24] Also in December, the Consumer Electronics Association hosted a â€Å"plugfest† in Washington, D.C. to allow manufacturers to test various devices. More than 15 companies, and engineers from different countries, tested four transmission systems, 12 receiver systems, and four software types.[17][25] On December 1, News Corp. chairman Rupert Murdoch said mobile DTV would be important to the future of all journalism, and he planned to offer TV and possibly newspaper content in this way.[26] At the January 2010 Consumer Electronics Show, NAB head Gordon H. Smith disputed the idea that broadcasting’s days were numbered, calling mobile DTV the proof over-the-air television would continue its popularity. He said people would use cell phones and other devices to watch, and broadcast technology would be the best way to do this. Wireless broadband, which some wanted to replace broadcasting, would not be able to handle the demand for video services.[27] ION’s Burgess showed off one of the first iPhones capable of receiving mobile DTV, while ION’s Jenkins showed an LG Maze and a Valups Tivit; the latter sends signals to the iPod Touch and will soon work with the Google Nexus.[28] Sinclair Broadcast Group director of advanced technology Mark Aitken said the mobile DTV concept of multiple transmitters would help free up spectrum for wireless broadband in rural areas but not large cities. He also explained to the FCC that mobile DTV was the best method for sending out live video to those using cell phones and similar devices.[29] The OMVC’s Mobile DTV Consumer Showcase began May 3, 2010 and lasted all summer. Nine stations planned to distribute 20 programs, including local and network shows as well as cable programs, to Samsung Moment phones. Dell Netbooks and Valups Tivits also received programming.[30] On September 23, 2010, Media General began its first MDTV service at WCMH-TV in Columbus, Ohio and had plans to do the same a month later at WFLA-TV in the Tampa Bay, Florida area and five to seven more stations in its portfolio.[31] On November 19, 2010, a joint venture of 12 major broadcasters, known as the Mobile Content Venture, announced plans to upgrade TV stations in 20 markets representing 40 percent of the United States population to deliver live video to portable devices by the end of 2011.[32] Brian Lawlor, a Scripps TV senior vice president, said that, in September 2011, Scripps stations would offer an â€Å"app† allowing people with an iPhone or iPad to see emergency information (e.g. weather bulletins) in the event of a power outage.[33] In 2012, a number of stations plan to conduct tests of the Mobile Emergency Alert System (M-EAS), a system to deliver emergency information via mobile DTV.[34] In January, 2012, the MCV announced that MetroPCS would offer MCV’s Dyle mobile DTV service. Samsung planned an Android phone capable of receiving this service late in 2012.[35] At the end of 2012, Dyle was in 35  markets and capable of reaching 55 percent of viewers.[36] At the NAB show in April 2012, MCV announced that 17 additional television stations will launch mobile DTV, bringing the total to 92, covering more than 55% of US homes. Included are stations in three new markets – Austin, Texas, Boston, Massachusetts, and Dayton, Ohio.[37] In September 2012, WRAL-TV announced rollout of a Mobile Emergency Alert System based around mobile digital television technology.[38] A process called Syncbak uses cell phones rather than TV spectrum.[39] References [1] [2] [3] [4] Looking for TV Genius? | Red Bee Media (http:/ / www. tvgenius. net/ blog/ 2011/ 01/ 31/ 4-ways-smartphones-save-tv/ ) Clive’s achievements (http:/ / www. sinclair-research. co. uk/ about-srl. php) Sinclair Research Video and TV gear (http:/ / www. retrothing. com/ video_tv/ index. html), Retrothing.com NYTimes.com via Yahoo! Finance: Mobile TV Spreading in Europe and to the U.S. (http:/ / biz. yahoo. com/ nytimes/ 080506/ 1194771946810. html?. v=18), May 6, 2008 [5] 3G UK: The service is based on the Golden Dynamic Enterprises Ltd. (http:/ / www. 3g. co. uk/ PR/ March2006/ 2732. htm)’s â€Å"VOIR Portal† (http:/ / findarticles. com/ p/ articles/ mi_m0EIN/ is_2006_Dec_4/ ai_n16881105) and follows the 3GPP standard 3G-324 M. The same service is also deployed to Philippines in 2007. [6] ZDnet: BT ditches mobile TV service (http:/ / news. zdnet. co. uk/ communications/ 0,1000000085,39288247,00. htm), 26 July 2007 [7] Broadband TV news: MFD hands back German T-DMB licence (http:/ / www. broadbandtvnews. com/ ?p=4682), May 1, 2008 [8] The Register: DVB-H rockets ahead in Italy (http:/ / www. theregister. co. uk/ 2006/ 07/ 28/ dvbh_success_in_italy/ ), 28 July 2006 [9] OMVC announces sizable growth in number of MDTV stations at CES | RF content from Broadcast Engineering (http:/ / broadcastengineering. com/ RF/ OMVC-mobile-DTV-presence-announces-growth-CES-01192012/ index. html) [10] Thompson, Mark (2010-06-03). â€Å"mobile tv cell phone networks:† (http:/ / mobitv. com/ technology/ managed-service-platform). Broadcasting & Cable. . Retrieved 2010-06-03. [11] Dickson, Glen (2007-04-14). â€Å"NAB: Mobile DTV Hits the Strip† (http:/ / www. broadcastingcable. com/ article/ 108538-NAB_Mobile_DTV_Hits_the_Strip. php). Broadcasting & Cable. . Retrieved 2009-07-21. [12] Dickson, Glen (2009-01-11). â€Å"CES: Broadcasters’ Mobile DTV Moment† (http:/ / www. broadcastingcable. com/ article/ 161893-CES_Broadcast ers_Mobile_DTV_Moment. php?rssid=20102& q=broadcasters+ mobile+ dtv+ moment). Broadcasting & Cable. . Retrieved 2009-12-03. [13] Dickson, Glen (2009-04-20). â€Å"NAB 2009: Broadcasters Set Mobile DTV Test Markets† (http:/ / www. broadcastingcable. com/ article/ 209447-NAB_2009_Broadcasters_Set_Mobile_DTV_Test_Markets. php?rssid=20068& q=broadcasters+ set+ mobile+ dtv+ test+ markets). Broadcasting & Cable. . Retrieved 2009-12-17. [14] Dickson, Glen (2009-06-29). â€Å"ION Broadcasts Mobile DTV in N.Y., D.C.: Hails Its Digital TV â€Å"Triple Play†Ã¢â‚¬  (http:/ / www. broadcastingcable. com/ article/ 307120-ION_Broadcasts_Mobile_DTV_in_N_Y_D_C_. php?rssid=20068& q=digital+ tv). Broadcasting & Cable. . Retrieved 2009-07-02. [15] Dickson, Glen (2009-07-06). â€Å"ATSC-M/H voted to proposed standard status† (http:/ / www. broadcastingcable. com/ article/ 307463-Mobile_DTV_is_Almost_Official. php?rssid=20065& q=digital+ tv). Broadcasting & Cable. . Retrieved 2009-07-08. [16] Dickson, Glen (2009-10-16). â€Å"Mobile DTV Standard Approved† (http:/ / www. broadcastingcable. com/ article/ 358341-Mobile_DTV_Standard_Approved. php?rssid=20292& q=digital+ tv). Broadcasting & Cable. . Retrieved 2009-10-16. [17] Dickson, Glen (2009-12-16). â€Å"ATSC Launches Certification Program For Mobile DTV† ( http:/ / www. broadcastingcable. com/ article/ 440764-ATSC_Launches_Certification_Program_For_Mobile_DTV. php?rssid=20102& q=digital+ tv). Broadcasting & Cable. . Retrieved 2009-12-17. [18] Dickson, Glen (2009-07-13). â€Å"Special Report: Mobile DTV Heats Up† (http:/ / www. broadcastingcable. com/ article/ 314792-Special_Report_Mobile_DTV_Heats_Up. php). Broadcasting & Cable. . Retrieved 2009-07-15. [19] Dickson, Glen (2009-07-22). â€Å"ION, OMVC Organize DTV Showcase in D.C.† (http:/ / www. broadcastingcable. com/ article/ 316065-ION_OMVC_Organize_DTV_Showcase_in_D_C_. php?rssid=20068& q=digital+ tv). Broadcasting & Cable. . Retrieved 2009-07-22. [20] Eggerton, John (2009-08-07). â€Å"LIN TV Develops Blackberry App For Mobile TV Service† (http:/ / www. broadcastingcable. com/ article/ 326796-LIN_TV_Develops_Blackberry_App_For_Mobile_TV_Service. php?q=digital+ tv). Broadcasting & Cable. . 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[25] Dickson, Glen (2009-12-02). â€Å"Mobile DTV Picks Up Speed† (http:/ / www. broadcastingcable. com/ article/ 394993-Mobile_DTV_Picks_Up_Speed. php?rssid=20068& q=digital+ tv). Broadcasting & Cable. . Retrieved 2009-12-03. [26] Eggerton, John (2009-12-01). â€Å"Murdoch Says Mobile TV Is Key to Future† (http:/ / www. broadcastingcable. com/ article/ 391233-Murdoch_Says_Mobile_TV_Is_Key_to_Future. php?rssid=20070& q=digital+ tv). Broadcasting & Cable. . Retrieved 2009-12-03. [27] Dickson, Glen (2010-01-07). â€Å"CES 2010: Broadcasters Tout Mobile DTV Progress† (http:/ / www. broadcastingcable. com/ article/ 442953-CES_2010_Broadcasters_Tout_Mobile_ DTV_Progress. php?rssid=20068& q=digital+ tv). Broadcasting & Cable. . Retrieved 2010-01-13. [28] Dickson, Glen (2010-01-09). â€Å"NAB Shows Off New Spectrum Applications† (http:/ / www. broadcastingcable. com/ article/ 443352-NAB_Shows_Off_New_Spectrum_Applications. php?rssid=20068& q=digital+ tv). Broadcasting & Cable. . Retrieved 2010-01-13.